24 July 2008

Definisi Kependudukan

Adalah hal ihwal yang berkaitan dengan jumlah, ciri utama, pertumbuhan, persebaran, mobilitas, penyebaran, kualitas, kondisi, kesejahteraan yang menyangkut politik, ekonomi, sosial, budaya, agama serta lingkungan penduduk tersebut

08 July 2008

APLIKASI DOS

DOS (Disk Operating System) adalah suatu program yang berfungsi untuk mengkonfigurasikan suatu komputer agar dapat menjalankan perintah yang diberikan sebagai masukan.

Operating system yang lazim dipergunakan adalah MS DOS, karena selain kapasitasnya yang kacil juga perintah-perintah yang dipergunakan relatif lebih mudah jika dibandingkan dengan sistem lainnya.

Beberapa Fungsi dari Disk Operating System (DOS) adalah:
1. Mengorganisasikan atau mengendalikan kegiatan komputer
2. Mengatur Memori
3. Mengatur proses input dan output data
4. Menegement file
5. Management direktory

Pengolahan File dan Direktory

Dalam pengoperasian DOS terdapat command-command/perintah-perintah yang dikelompokkan dalam 2 kelompok yaitu:

- Internal Command/Perintah Internal
Adalah perintah yang tidak lagi membutuhkan file khusus, karena semua instruksi internal sudah ditampung dalam file command.com

- External Command/Perintah Eksternal
Perintah yang memiliki file tersendiri dan tidak lagi ditampung pada file command.com

07 July 2008

PON XVII

Sabtu (5 Juli 2008) malam Presiden Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono secara resmi membuka perhelatan olahraga terbesar di Indonesia, PON (Pekan Olahraga Nasional).
PON kali ini dilaksanakan di Kalimantan Timur. Tahun 2008 ini, PON memasuki penyelenggaraan yang ke-17, setelah empat tahun yang lalu diadakan di Sumatera Selatan.
PON ke-17 ini diikuti oleh 33 propinsi se-Indonesia.

Question Tag

Question tag digunakan pada suatu pernyataan yang tidak sepenuhnya diyakini kebenarannya, sehingga digunakanlah tag question setelah kalimat/pernyataan untuk mengkonfirmasi pernyataan tersebut.
- Tag question berupa auxiliary verb yang disesuaikan dengan auxiliary tenses kalimat/pernyataan sebelumnya
- Jika pernyataan/kalimatnya negative, maka tag question-nya positif, dan sebaliknya

Contoh soal:
1) There has not been a great response to sale,________?
a. does there
b. hasn’t there
c. hasn’t it
d. has there
2) a liter is one of the metric measurements,___?
a. aren’t they
b. isn’t it?
c. Is it?
d. Are they?

Preference

Preference is one to express a like some thing (to do some thing) than others.

Formula
…… prefers + noun / V1 + ing + to noun / V1 + ing
…… would rather + V1 + than + V1

Example:
I like watching movie to staying at home
She would rather go to mosque than study Franch

Causative

The causative is a common structure in English. It is used when one thing or person causes another thing or person to do something. This page will explain how causatives are formed, and how to use them.
Basic causative structures
There are two basic causative structures. One is like an active, and the other is like a passive. These examples use the causative verb "have":
I had John fix the car.
The active causative structure
Subject Causative verb Agent Action verb Object
Susan had her brother do her homework.
The police had the suspect stop his car.
We had the carpenter fix our window.
The passive causative structure
In the passive form, there is usually no agent. The action verb is in the past participle, and the object comes before it:
Subject Causative verb Object Action verb
We had our door fixed.
Yukiko had her hair cut.
Sanjay had the windows cleaned.
________________________________________
Other causative verbs
All the examples above use the causative verb "have". However, many other verbs can be used in causatives. In the active form, som of these verbs require the action verb to have "to" before it. These are some examples of the most common causative verbs.
Verb Meaning Form of Action Verb Examples
make force, compel plain form The robbers made us lie on the floor.
[No passive form]
get same as "have" "to" form I got Jae Won to pick me up in the car.
She got her hair cut.
let allow plain form I'll let you borrow my bike.
[No passive form]


PERBEDAAN DAN KEGUNAAN BEBERAPA CAUSATIVES

Causative Guna
Contoh

Let
FORMULA [let + person + verb]
This construction means "to allow someone to do something."
• John let me drive his new car.
• Will your parents let you go to the party?
• I don't know if my boss will let me take the day off.
Make
FORM: [make + person + verb]
This construction means "to force someone to do something."
• My teacher made me apologize for what I had said.
• Did somebody make you wear that ugly hat?
• She made her children do their homework.

Have
FORM [have + person + verb] This construction means "to give someone the responsibility to do something."
• Dr. Smith had his nurse take the patient's temperature.
• Please have your secretary fax me the information.
• I had the mechanic check the brakes.
Get
FORM [get + person + to + verb]
This construction usually means "to convince to do something" or "to trick someone into doing something.
• Susie got her son to take the medicine even though it tasted terrible.
• How can parents get their children to read more?
• The government TV commercials are trying to get people to stop smoking.
Get vs. Have
Sometimes "get someone to do something" is interchangeable with "have someone do something," but these expressions do not mean exactly the same thing.
• I got the mechanic to check my brakes.
AT FIRST THE MECHANIC DIDN'T THINK IT WAS NECESSARY, BUT I CONVINCED HIM TO CHECK THE BRAKES.
• I had the mechanic check my brakes.
I ASKED THE MECHANIC TO CHECK THE BRAKES.

Derivatives

Derivatives adalah kata jadian yang berasal dari kata lain atau dari pangkal/dasar kata kerja/sifat dan sejenisnya. Particle yang ditambahkan disebut affixes. Particle yang ditambahkan di awal kata disebut prefix, di tengah disebut infix, dan di akhir disebut suffix.
1.1 Awalan/prefix
Penambahan awalan merubah arti kata, tetapi tidak mengubah jenis kata.
a- : asleep
dis- : dismiss
in- : insufficient, incorrect
out- : outdoor, outgoing
post- : postpone
re- : rewrite

Awalan yang membentuk kata kerja: en- : enlarge

2.2. Akhiran/suffix
Akhiran dapat digunakan untuk membentuk kata benda, kerja, keterangan, dan sifat. Akhiran/suffix akan mengubah jenis kata asalnya.
Contoh:
1. Noun-forming (Akhiran yang membentuk kata benda)
-ary : secretary
-ance : importance
-dom : kingdom
-ee : employee, trainee
-er, -ar, -or : teacher, liar, tailor
-hood : manhood, childhood
-ic, -ics : logic, physics
-ism : racism
-ist : artist
-ion : relation, religion
-ment : enjoyment
-ness : coldness, happiness
-ship : friendship
-ty : activity

2. Verb-forming (Akhiran yang membentuk kata kerja)
-ate : graduate
-en : lengthen, widen
-fy : terrify

3. Adjective-forming (Akhiran yang membentuk kata sifat)
-able, -ible : reasonable, edible
-ant, -ent : distant, present
-al : mortal, partial
-full : beautifull
-ic : economic, bionic
-ior : superior
-ish : childish
-ive : creative
-ly : friendly
-less : childless, helpless
-like : childlike

4. Adverb-forming (Akhiran yang membentuk kata keterangan)
-ly : badly, beautifully
-ward, -wards : backward, backwards
-wise : likewise

Tips:
1. Kata yang paling menentukan dalam soal Derivatives adalah kata setelah titik-titik
Bila yang muncul Cari jawaban
a. kata kerja (-d/ed, -ing) adverb (-ly)
b. kata benda kata sifat
c. kata benda kata keterangan
2. Bila setelah titik-titik bukan kata benda/kerja/sifat maka kata yang menentukan adalah kata sebelum titik-titik
Bila yang muncul Cari jawaban
a. kata keterangan kata kerja
b. bilangan: one, two, etc kata benda
c. article: a/an/the kata benda
d. possessive adjective: my, your, etc kata benda
e. very/quite/more kata sifat

Contoh soal:

1. Nowadays people prefer using small cars than big ones because they’re more ...
a. economically
b. economics
c. economize
d. economical
e. economic

Jawab: E

Penjelasan:
Kata kunci yang menunjukkan bahwa soal di atas adalah derivatives adalah munculnya kata more i depan titik-titik. Lihat rumus no. 2 -> setelah more langsung diikuti oleh kata sifat. Untuk mencari kata sifat tambahkan –ic jadi economic, bukan economics. Jadi jawabannya adalah E.